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Click to edit Master title style
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Second level
Third level
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Fifth= level
=A9 2007 XPS International= LLC
March 1, 2007=
Reasons for Making SpecMas= ter
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------=_NextPart_01C76895.AACE96B0 content-location: file:///C:/A04B5D12/reasons_for_making_specmaster_files/pres.xml content-transfer-encoding: quoted-printable content-type: text/xml; charset="utf-8" ------=_NextPart_01C76895.AACE96B0 content-location: file:///C:/A04B5D12/reasons_for_making_specmaster_files/slide0001.htm content-transfer-encoding: quoted-printable content-type: text/html; charset="windows-1252" Reasons for Making SpecMaster Data-Base Systems
=A9 2007 XPS Internationa= l LLC
March 1, 200= 7
Reasons for Making SpecMa= ster
Why Did We S= pend 10 Years
to Make the Digital
=93SpecMaster=94
XPS Spectral Data-Base System?
------=_NextPart_01C76895.AACE96B0 content-location: file:///C:/A04B5D12/reasons_for_making_specmaster_files/slide0003.htm content-transfer-encoding: quoted-printable content-type: text/html; charset="windows-1252" Reasons for Making SpecMaster Data-Base Systems
=A9 2007 XPS Internationa= l LLC
March 1, 2007
Reasons for Making SpecMaster
Outline of Seminar
= =95List o= f XPS Data-Bases Currently Now
= =95Three = Basic Types of XPS Data-Bases
<= nobr>=95Summar= y of XPS Data-Base Contents
= =95Questi= ons, Answers, and Background Information
= =95Major Problems in Many XPS Data-Bases
= =95Main C= auses of Problems in XPS Data-Bases
= =95Data-B= ase Needs of XPS Users
<= nobr>=95Summar= y of Items Discussed
------=_NextPart_01C76895.AACE96B0 content-location: file:///C:/A04B5D12/reasons_for_making_specmaster_files/slide0006.htm content-transfer-encoding: quoted-printable content-type: text/html; charset="windows-1252" Reasons for Making SpecMaster Data-Base Systems
=A9 2007 XPS Internationa= l LLC
March 1, 2007
Reasons for Making SpecMaster
List of XPS Data-Bases Available Now
=95PHI Handbook of XPS=A0 -=A0 1st Edition (1979)=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 [C.D. Wagner]
=95NIST XPS Database v1.0 (1989)=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0= =A0 [C.D. Wagner]
=95Appendix #5 in Practical Surface Analysis (1990)= =A0=A0=A0=A0 [C.D. Wagner]
=95Common Data Processing (ComPro) (1990)=A0=A0 [VAMAS-SASJ-NRIM]
=95JEOL Handbook of XPS (1991)=A0=A0 [C.D. Wagner]
=95CRC Practical Handbook of Spectroscopy (1991)=A0=A0 [Kai Siegbahn]
=95PHI Handbook of XPS=A0 -=A0 2nd Edition (1992)=A0=A0=A0 [C.D. Wagner]
=95High Resolution XPS of Organic Polymers (1992)=A0 [Beamson & Briggs]
=95Surface Science Spectra Journal (1992)=A0=A0 [AVS]
=95=93SpecMaster=94 XPS Spectral Libraries & Data-Base Systems (1997) [XI LLC]
------=_NextPart_01C76895.AACE96B0 content-location: file:///C:/A04B5D12/reasons_for_making_specmaster_files/slide0005.htm content-transfer-encoding: quoted-printable content-type: text/html; charset="windows-1252" Reasons for Making SpecMaster Data-Base Systems
=A9 2007 XPS Internationa= l LLC
March 1, 2007
Reasons for Making SpecMaster
Three Basic Types of XPS Data-Base Systems
= =95Numerical Type - Software
=96Binding Energies Only=A0 (no FWHM, no spectra)
=96Example:=A0 NIST XPS Database
=95Spectral-Numerical Type - Books
=96Mixture of spectra and numbers=A0=A0 (no software) =
=96Examples:=A0 Handbooks by PHI, JEOL, Beamson & Briggs, XI LLC
=95Spectral-Numerical Systems =96 Books & Softw= are
=96Examples:=A0 XI SpecMaster XPS Spec= tral Data-Base system,
=A0Journal of Surface Scie= nce Spectra journal, SASJ-ComPro system
------=_NextPart_01C76895.AACE96B0 content-location: file:///C:/A04B5D12/reasons_for_making_specmaster_files/slide0007.htm content-transfer-encoding: quoted-printable content-type: text/html; charset="windows-1252" Reasons for Making SpecMaster Data-Base Systems
=A9 2007 XPS Internationa= l LLC
March 1, 2007
Reasons for Making SpecMaster
Summary of XPS Data-Base Contents
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charset="windows-1252" Reasons for Making SpecMaster Data-Base Systems
=A9 2007 XPS Internationa= l LLC
March 1, 2007
Reasons for Making SpecMaster
Questions:
=A0=A0 1.=A0=A0 Why did we make the =93SpecMaster=94 XPS Spectral Data-Base System?
=A0=A0=A0 2.=A0=A0 Why do we talk about the reliability of chemical state assignments?
=A0=A0=A0 3.=A0=A0 How can we solve the problem of inconsistent BEs?
=A0=A0=A0 4.=A0=A0 What are the merits of the Self-Consistent method?
=A0=A0=A0 5.=A0=A0 What do XPS users need from a XPS Data-Base System?
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=A9 2007 XPS Internationa= l LLC
March 1, 2007
Reasons for Making SpecMaster
Question #1:
Why did we make the =93SpecMaster=94 XPS Spectral Data-Base System?

=A0=A0= =A0=A0 Answer #1.=A0=A0 The main reason is to help XPS u= sers to make chemical state assignments that are more reliable.=A0=A0 When assignments = are more reliable, then the information derived from those chemical state assignments is much more valuable and useful.=A0=A0 As a side benefit, XPS users sav= e time and money.

=A0=A0= =A0=A0 Answer #2.=A0=A0 The owner of XPS International h= as been responsible to try to make reliab= le chemical state assignments for more than 12 years.=A0=A0 For the past 12 years he = has had a variety of problems when he uses the BEs listed in many XPS handboo= ks and numerical databases.
=A0=A0= =A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 The problems have not become smaller during the past 12 years, and= we believe that many XPS users have the same problems today.
=A0=A0= =A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 To help with this problem, the owner started 12 years ago to devel= op a =93self-consistent=94 data-base of complete sets = of correlated spectra which will help XPS users to make chemical state assignments that are more reliable.
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=A9 2007 XPS Internationa= l LLC
March 1, 2007
Reasons for Making SpecMaster

Question #2:<= /b>=A0=A0
Why do we= talk about the Reliability of Chemical State Assignments?

=A0=A0=A0 Answer:=A0 Because XPS users often have proble= ms to accept or believe the chemical state assignments that they make when they use the BEs listed in various XPS handbooks and numerical databases.=A0=A0 Chemical state assignments based= on the BEs from various XPS handbooks and numerical databases are frequently not logical and not reasonable. This is an extremely serious problem that must be corrected.

=A0=A0= =A0=A0 This problem exists because the BEs in XPS handbooks and numerical databases w= ere made in a =93inconsistent=94 manner by hundreds of different analysts using many different calibration energies, various charge referencing energies, many different charge compensation methods, hundreds of different instrument, and many different analysis conditions.=A0 This inconsistent style of producin= g spectra has naturally produced a range of BEs wi= th large uncertainties (=B10.5 to =B11.0 eV= ) and a range of systematic and random errors.
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=A9 2007 XPS Internationa= l LLC
March 1, 2007
Reasons for Making SpecMaster
Major Problems in Many XPS Data-Bases - Part I
=95BEs are repo= rted to have uncertainties from =B10.2 to =B10.5 eV, but the more correct unce= rtainties are =B10.5 to =B11.5 eV for insulating materials= .=A0 These large levels of un= certainty are large enough to cause wrong chemical state assignments.= =A0 (Note:=A0 Insulators are 70-80% of all materials analyzed by XPS!)
=95BEs from mai= n signals were collected from thousands of different journal publications from 1970= -1983 by C. D. Wagner
=95BEs in those thousands of different publications were obtained
=96by using hundreds of different instruments, = ;
=96by using hundreds of different analysts,
=96by using many different calibration energies,= 3;
=96by using many different charge referencing methods, and
=96by using many different analysis conditions. = ;
=96
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